home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Date: Tue, 17 Jan 1995 10:49:13 -0800 (PST)
- From: PDS_OPERATOR@JPLPDS.JPL.NASA.GOV
- Subject: RE: PDS specification
-
- Overview of PDS Image Format
- M. D. Martin, PDS Project Engineer
-
- The PDS (originally Planetary Data System, now Portable Data Specification)
- format is actually more of a labelling architecture than a specific image
- storage format. It supports the description of many kinds of data objects
- (table, series, multispectral cube, etc.). It is intended to provide a
- computer readable AND human readable description of the contents and format
- of a file in simple keyword=value format.
-
- Many varieties of images can be described with the PDS label. The key
- parameters are given in the examples, Table 1 and 2. The ASCII labels can be
- attached at the beginning of the data file or detached in a separate file
- with a pointer to the image file.
-
- TABLE 1. Example of an attached label.
-
- PDS_VERSION_ID = PDS2
- RECORD_FORMAT = FIXED_LENGTH
- RECORD_BYTES = 512
- RECORDS = 514
- ^IMAGE = 3 /* indicating that the image starts */
- /* at record 3 */
- OBJECT = IMAGE
- LINES = 512
- LINE_SAMPLES = 512
- SAMPLE_BYTES = 8
- SAMPLE_TYPE = UNSIGNED_INTEGER
- END_OBJECT = IMAGE
- END
- /* blank PADDING out to 1024 bytes */
- at byte 1025 the first line of the image begins.
-
-
- TABLE 2. Example of detached label.
-
- PDS_VERSION_ID = PDS2
- RECORD_FORMAT = FIXED_LENGTH
- RECORD_BYTES = 512
- RECORDS = 512
- ^IMAGE = "image.dat" /* indicating that the image */
- /* is contained in the file */
- /* image.dat */
- OBJECT = IMAGE
- LINES = 512
- LINE_SAMPLES = 512
- SAMPLE_BYTES = 8
- SAMPLE_TYPE = UNSIGNED_INTEGER
- END_OBJECT = IMAGE
- END
- /* blank PADDING out to 1024 bytes */
- at byte 1025 the first line of the image begins.
-
- Compression.
-
- Most images from planetary missions are gray scale 8-bit images and take on a
- narrow range of values in any given file. A simple compression algorithm can
- achieve 3 or 4 to 1 compression ratio. The PDS chose to use a
- Huffman-First-Difference compression algorithm on all its Viking and Voyager
- Imaging CD-ROMs. This algorithm first goes through each line and computes
- the pixel differences for each pixel.
- This leaves most of the pixels in a line with values near zero, since nearby
- pixels tend to have similar values. A constant is added to eliminate
- negative values. After this step is performed on all lines the entire image
- is encoded using Huffman coding. The resulting encoding histogram is stored
- in the file with the image, which means there is a fixed overhead of about 2
- kilobytes for this type of compression.
-
- Recommendations.
-
- Further information about the PDS format can be found on-line at
- http://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov in the PDS standards documents and PDS data
- dictionary and PDS label toolbox. The PDS toolbox is also available via
- an anonymous ftp account on starhawk.jpl.nasa.gov
-
- Users who are looking for an alternative format to Compuserve GIF for general
- purpose image storage and distribution are advised to use TIFF format not the
- PDS format. The PDS image specification does not include many of the
- parameters which are common to images used in desktop publishing.
-
-
-
-